Assessment of Pistacia atlantica kurdica gum essential oil using a rumen simulation technique: effects on nutrient disappearance, volatile fatty acid profile and microbial population

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Article (Regular Paper)

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, Postal Code:6714414971

2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. Postal Code: 66177-15175

Abstract

The present study evaluated the effects of Pistacia atlantica Subsp. Kurdica gum essential oil (PAKEO) on nutrient disappearance, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile and rumen microbial population using a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Treated vessels were supplied with 0.0 (as control diet), 150 µL/L of PAKEO (EO150) and 300 (EO300) µL/L of PAKEO (two vessels per treatment). Experiments were performed in two runs consisting of a 7-day adaptation followed by an 8-day sampling period per run. The sampling period started on the day after administration of the first treatment. For measurement of nutrient disappearance, samples were collected on the initial (days 8 and 9) and final stages (days 14 and 15) of the period. On day 15, samples for the VFA and microbial population (at 4 h after morning vessels feeding) were collected from the vessel contents. Results showed that the addition of PAKEO at 150 µL/L resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in the disappearance of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in basal diet. Neutral detergent fiber disappearance increased (P<0.05) with the addition of 150 and 300 µL/L of PAKEO. Total VFA concentration increased (P<0.05) by 300 µL/L PAKEO supplementation. Addition of PAKEO at 300 µL/L resulted in a lower molar proportion of propionate and a higher acetate: propionate ratio compared with the control (P<0.05). However, the molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate were not affected by PAKEO supplementation. The relative abundance of total bacteria increased (by 10%, P<0.05) with the addition of PAKEO. Compared to the control, PAKEO supplementation at 150 µL/L sharply decreased (P<0.05) the relative abundance of methanogens. Treatment with PAKEO decreased (P<0.05) the relative abundance of major cellulolytic bacteria (i.e., Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes). Total number of protozoa, Entodinium and Ophryoscolex species also decreased (P<0.05) by PAKEO treatment. These findings suggested that PAKEO has the potential as a feed additive to improve rumen microbial fermentation.

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References

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Available Online from 28 May 2026

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