Whole tomato plant in ruminant nutrition: effects on in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility

Document Type : Original Research Article (Regular Paper)

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

2 Animal Science Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

4 UTAD, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

5 Animal Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of whole tomato plant (WTP) as well as the effects of different inclusion levels on diet digestibility and in vitro rumen fermentation. The chemical composition and nutritive value of WTP were initially compared with wheat straw (WS) and alfalfa hay (AH). Thereafter, the effect of substituting incremental levels of WTP (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%, dry matter (DM) basis) for the dietary forage component on in vitro fermentation parameters was assessed. Crude protein (CP) content in WTP was higher than in WS, but a comparable to AH. Contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in WTP were lower but lignin was higher than other experimental feeds. The higher ash content of WTP was due to its lower organic matter (OM) content compared to WS and AH. Compared to WS, WTP yielded greater gas production (GP) at 16, 24 and 48 h of incubation, total GP, potential GP (b), in vitro DM (IVDMD) and OM (IVOMD) digestibility, estimated metabolizable energy (ME), microbial protein production (MP) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration. However, all of these parameters were lower in WTP than AH (P<0.05). Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in WTP treatment was reduced compared to AH but was similar to the WS treatment (P>0.05). The highest and lowest GP at different incubation time, b, IVDMD, IVOMD, estimated ME, SCFA and MP production were observed in the diet supplemented with 10 and 20% WTP respectively (P<0.05). However, rate of GP (c), pH and ammonia-N were similar among WTP-supplemented diets (P>0.05). Overall, results of the present study indicated that WTP improved in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility compared to WS while some of its parameters were comparable to AH.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  • Abbasi, A., Fazaeli, H., Zahedifar, M., Mirhadi S.A., 2015. Tables of chemical compounds of Iranian feed and poultry sources. National Institute of Animal Science Research, P. 80.
  • AOAC, 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Azizi, A., Maia, M.R.G., Fonseca, A.J.M., Sharifi, A., Fazaeli, H., Cabrita, A.R.J., 2018. Rumen fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass from wheat straw and date leaf inoculated with bacteria isolated from termite gut. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 27, 211-218.
  • Bach, A., Calsamiglia, S., Stern, M.D., 2005. Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science Suppl 1:E9-21.
  • Ben Salem, H., Znaidi, I.A., 2008. Partial replacement of concentrate with tomato pulp and olive cake-based feed blocks as supplements for lambs fed wheat straw. Animal Feed Science and Technology 147, 206-222.
  • Blümmel, M., Steingss, H., Becker, K., 1997. The relationship between in vitro gas production, in vitro microbial biomass yield and 15N incorporation and its implications for the prediction of voluntary feed intake of roughages. British Journal of Nutrition 77, 911-921.
  • Broderick, G., Kang, J.H., 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science 54, 1176-1183.
  • Denek, N., Can, A., 2006. Feeding value of wet tomato pomace ensiled with wheat straw and wheat grain for Awassi sheep. Small Ruminant Research 65, 260-265.
  • FASS, 2010. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, 3rd ed. Federation of Animal Science Societies, Champaign, IL.  
  • Fondevila, M., Guada, J.A., Gasa, J., Castrilloa, C., 1994. Tomato pomace as a protein supplement for growing lambs. Small Ruminant Research 13, 117–126.
  • Fonolla, J.J., Silva, H., Boza, J., 1988. Study of the nutritive value of some by-product of intensive agriculture cultivation. Avances en Alimentación y Mejora Animal  28 (3), 107-110.
  • Friedman, M., 2002. Tomato glycoalkaloids: role in the plant and in the diet. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 5751-5780.
  • Gasa, J., Castrillo, C., Baucells, M.D., Guada, J.A., 1989. By-products from the canning industry as feedstuff for ruminants: digestibility and its prediction from chemical composition and laboratory bioassays. Animal Feed Science and Technology 25, 67–77.
  • Getachew, G., Blummel, M., Makkar, H.P.S. Becker, K., 1998. In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 72, 261–281.
  • Getachew, G., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., 2002. Tropical browses: contents of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short-chain fatty acid and in vitro gas production. Journal of Agricultural Science 139, 341–352.
  • Hall, M.B., 2000. Calculation of non-structural carbohydrate content of feeds that contain non-protein nitrogen. University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, USA (Bulletin 339).
  • INRA, 1988. Alimentation des Bovins, Ovins et Caprins. Institut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France.
  • Kamali, H., 2009. Determination of nutritional value of tomato plant with different ratios of molasses and its use in feeding of puppies. Proceedings of the 4th Regional Conference of New Ideas in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
  • Khodaverdi, R., Naserian, A.A., Valizadeh, R., 2014. Determination of chemical composition and gas production of dried or ensiled tomato shoot. Proceedings of the 6th Iranian Congress on Animal Sciences, Tabriz University, Iran.
  • Marten, G.C., Barnes, R.F., 1980. Prediction of energy digestibility of forages with in vitro rumen fermentation and fungal enzyme systems. In: Pigden, W.J., Balch, C.C., Graham, M., (Eds.), Standardization of Analytical Methodology for Feeds. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 61-71.
  • Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science (Camb.) 92, 217–222.
  • Molina-Alcaide, E., Morales-García, E.Y., Martín-García, A.I., Ben Salem H., Nefzaoui, A., Sanz-Sampelayo, M.R., 2010. Effects of partial replacement of concentrate with feed blocks on nutrient utilization, microbial N flow, and milk yield and composition in goats. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 2076-2087.
  • NRC, 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervide, and New World Camelids. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC., USA.
  • Ørskov, E.R., McDonald, I., 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighed according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science 92, 499–503.
  • Robertson, J.B., Van Soest, P.J., 1981. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In: James, W.P.T., Theander, O., (Eds.), The Analysis of Dietary Fiber in Food. Marcel Dekker, NY, USA, pp. 123–158.
  • Salem, A.Z.M., 2012. Oral administration of leaf extracts to rumen liquid donor lambs modifies in vitro gas production of other tree leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 176, 94-101.
  • Salem, H.B., 2010. Nutritional management to improve sheep and goat performances in semiarid regions. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, 337-347.
  • SAS, 2001. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 8.2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA.
  • Theodorou, M.K., Williams, B.A., Dhanoa, M.S., McAllan, A.B., France, J., 1994. A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 48, 185–197.
  • Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.
  • Vasta, V., Nudda, A., Cannas, A., Lanza, M., Priolo, M., 2008. Alternative feed resources and their effects on the quality of meat and milk from small ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 147, 223-246.
  • Ventura, M.R., Pieltain, M.C., Castanon, J.I.R., 2009. Evaluation of tomato crop by-products as feed for goats. Animal Feed Science Technology 154, 271-275.
Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies
Volume 8, Issue 1
June 2020
Pages 29-36

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics