@article { author = {Yadeghari, S. and Malecky, M. and Zamani, P. and Dehghan-Banadaky, M.}, title = {In vitro evaluation of the effects of Lavandula officinalis and Origanum vulgare essential oils on ruminal fermentation using concentrate and roughage type substrates}, journal = {Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Society of Animal Science}, issn = {2322-3553}, eissn = {2322-374X}, doi = {10.22103/jlst.2013.551}, abstract = {The aim of this research was to study the in vitro effect of Lavandula officinalis (LEO) and Origanum vulgare (OEO) essential oils on rumen fermentation using a concentrate type substrate (CTS) and roughage type substrate (RTS). Six Mehraban ewes were divided into 2 groups and fed a concentrate type or roughage type diet, and used as rumen fluid donors. Each essential oil (EO) was evaluated separately at different doses using a completely randomized design with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (EO dose × substrate type). In a third 5 × 2 factorial design experiment, the potential of LEO to inhibit rumen methanogenesis was tested. The gas produced after 24-h of incubation (GP24) was stimulated and inhibited (P < 0.01) by LEO in CTS and RTS groups, respectively. The in vitro true dry matter (IVTDMD) and organic matter (IVTOMD) degradability were lowered significantly by LEO using CTS and RTS. A more pronounced fall was observed for total volatile fatty acids (total VFA) by LEO using RTS compared to CTS. The partitioning factor (PF) and NH3 were decreased and increased (P < 0.01) in CTS and RTS groups, respectively, but microbial biomass (MB) was linearly decreased by LEO in both CTS and RTS groups. An interaction effect between OEO dose and substrate type were observed for all parameters except the total VFA and MB which decreased linearly (P < 0.01) by OEO. The GP24, IVTDMD, IVTOMD and NH3 were decreased linearly (P < 0.01) by OEO using both substrate types. The PF was enhanced with OEO dose, but only in RTS group. Methane production was reduced linearly by LEO dose (P < 0.01), but the CH4/TG and CH4/CO2 showed linear and quadratic trends with LEO dose. An interaction effect between LEO dose and substrate type was also recorded for TG and CO2 (P < 0.01), as their production was stimulated and inhibited by LEO in CTS and RTS groups, respectively. Collectively, this study demonstrated that LEO and OEO affected ruminal fermentation differently depending on their doses and the type of substrate.  }, keywords = {essential oil,rumen fermentation,lavender,oregano,substrate type}, url = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_551.html}, eprint = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_551_b26a0c9ab6c3d1c91fe1750c76a01465.pdf} } @article { author = {Moharrery, A. and Karimi, M. and Asadi Khoshoei, E.}, title = {Investigation on bioavailability of rumen bacterial and protozoal phosphorus using a chick-model}, journal = {Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {13-19}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Society of Animal Science}, issn = {2322-3553}, eissn = {2322-374X}, doi = {10.22103/jlst.2013.547}, abstract = {Ruminal bacteria and protozoa provide excellent organic phosphorus (P) sources for the host animal. This experiment was conducted to compare the bioavailability of bacterial and protozoal P in comparison with that of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) as a reference phosphorus source. Bacteria and protozoa were isolated from the rumen contents of dairy cows and the chick-model was used to determine the phosphorus bioavailability. Fifteen day-old chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments consisting of a control diet (without P, as a basal diet), bacterial P+basal diet, protozoalP+basal diet, and DCP+basal diet. Phosphorus balance was selected as the response criterion for phosphorus bioavailability assessment, using multiple linear regressions. The results showed a higher phosphorus bioavailability of protozoal P and DCP compared with bacterial P (P}, keywords = {Rumen bacteria,rumen protozoa,phosphorus,bioavailability,chick-model,dairy cows}, url = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_547.html}, eprint = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_547_fef6cea1fe5cff883e5a051c869e7915.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghasemi, H. A. and Taherpour, K.}, title = {Comparative effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplements on performance, jejunal morphology, serum lipid profile and antibody response of broiler chicks}, journal = {Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {20-27}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Society of Animal Science}, issn = {2322-3553}, eissn = {2322-374X}, doi = {10.22103/jlst.2013.548}, abstract = {A 42-d trial was conducted to compare the effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplements on growth performance, morphology of the jejunum, serum lipid profile and antibody response of broiler chickens. A total of 400 one-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups of four replicates (25 birds per replicate) and fed corn-soybean meal diets. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet without any feed additive (control diet), a basal diet with added probiotics (diet Pro), a basal diet with added prebiotics (diet Pre), and a basal diet with added synbiotics (diet Syn). The birds fed diet Syn exhibited higher body weight gain (BWG) and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed the control diet during the entire experimental period (PPPP}, keywords = {Broilers,immunity,intestinal morphology,non-antibiotic supplements,serum lipids}, url = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_548.html}, eprint = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_548_b4cfb137c3f32cb3ce599372f81d3a48.pdf} } @article { author = {Jafaroghli, M. and Rashidi, A. and Mokhtari, M. S. and Mirzamohammadi, E.}, title = {Estimation of genetic parameters for body weight traits in Baluchi sheep}, journal = {Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {28-33}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Society of Animal Science}, issn = {2322-3553}, eissn = {2322-374X}, doi = {10.22103/jlst.2013.552}, abstract = {Genetic parameters for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6 months weight (6MW), 9 months weight (9MW) and yearling weight (YW) in Baluchi sheep were estimated using data collected during a 26-year period (1984-2010). Estimates of (co)variance components were obtained by REML procedures by fitting a linear mixed animal model. Significant random effects for each trait were explored by fitting direct additive genetic effects, maternal additive genetic effects, covariance between direct additive and maternal additive genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental effects and common litter effects in different models. The Akaike's information criterion (AIC) test was applied to determine the most appropriate model for each trait. The estimated direct heritabilities for BW, WW, 6MW, 9MW and YW were 0.34, 0.09, 0.06, 0.12 and 0.16, respectively. Corresponding maternal heritability estimates were 0.12, 0.07, 0.05, 0.03 and 0.01, respectively. The variance ratios due to maternal permanent environment (c2) decreased from 0.06 in BW to 0.02 for YW. The variance ratios due to litter component were 0.23, 0.07, 0.08 and 0.12 for BW, WW, 9MW and YW, respectively. Direct genetic correlations between body weight traits were positive and high and ranged from 0.52 for BW-YW to 0.96 for 9MW-YW.}, keywords = {heritability,Growth traits,genetic correlation,sheep}, url = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_552.html}, eprint = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_552_8a561d9256eafedac90f5a8ba6f4c314.pdf} } @article { author = {Yousefi Zonuz, A. and Alijani, S. and Mohammadi, H. and Rafat, A. and Daghigh Kia, H.}, title = {Estimation of genetic parameters for productive and reproductive traits in Esfahan native chickens}, journal = {Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {34-38}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Society of Animal Science}, issn = {2322-3553}, eissn = {2322-374X}, doi = {10.22103/jlst.2013.550}, abstract = {The main aim of this research was to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters for productive and reproductive traits of Esfahan native chickens. Traits included body weights at hatch (BW1), 8 weeks of age (BW8), 12 weeks of age (BW12), and at sexual maturity (WSM)], age at sex maturity (ASM), egg number (EN), average egg weight (AEW) in the first 12 weeks of production, and egg production intensity (Eint). Data were collected over 13 generations (during 1998 to 2011) at the breeding center of Esfahan native chickens in Iran. Genetic parameters were estimated by a (bi)-univariate animal model using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure. Heritability estimates for body weight at different ages varied from 0.14±0.01 to 0.42±0.01. Estimated heritability for reproductive traits ranged from 0.12±0.01 for Eint to 0.36±0.01 for AEW. Estimates of heritability values were moderate but BW1 and AEW showed higher heritability values. Genetic correlation among body weight traits varied from 0.20±0.03 to 0.82±0.02. Fairly small negative Genetic correlation between body weight traits and egg traits (EN and Eint) was small (in the range of -0.22±0.05 to -0.03±0.03), while they showed positive and moderate genetic correlation with the average egg weight, ranging from 0.11±0.04 to 0.39±0.02.  There was a low negative genetic correlation (-0.09±0.02) between egg number and egg weight. Therefore, during simultaneous selection for growth and egg production, probable reduction in egg production due to low reduction in egg number may be compared by increases in egg weight.}, keywords = {heritability,animal model,economic traits,genetic correlation,native chicken}, url = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_550.html}, eprint = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_550_f5011910188a388887cbbe5cc0a1b7b5.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghoraishy, SH. and ROKOUEI, M.}, title = {Impact of birth weight of Iranian Holstein calves on their future milk production and reproductive traits}, journal = {Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {39-44}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Society of Animal Science}, issn = {2322-3553}, eissn = {2322-374X}, doi = {10.22103/jlst.2013.553}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of birth weight (BW) on future milk production and reproductive performance in Iranian Holstein cattle. Records of Holstein cows between 1967 and 2010 were obtained from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran. Birth weights within each herd were grouped into five categories based on the standard normal distribution curves (z ≤-0.8416, -0.8416 < z ≤ -0.2533, -0.2533 < z ≤ 0.2533, 0.2533 < z ≤ 0.8416, 0.8416 < z). The results indicated that BW significantly affected (P < 0.001) the lactation parameters (e.g. milk yield,  protein yield, fat yield), age at first calving (AFC), interval between calving to first insemination (ICFI), calving intervals (CI), calving ease (CE), and first service to conception length (FSTC)  during the first three lactation periods. The BW positively affected the lactation performance, but had a negative effect on the reproductive performance. Increase in BW was unexpectedly associated with increased dystocia. The present study indicated that BW could impact economical traits of Holstein dairy cattle and need to be considered in breeding programs.}, keywords = {birth weight,milk production,reproduction,Iranian Holstein}, url = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_553.html}, eprint = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_553_b5c8db7f0828754c36e5840c89028fd0.pdf} } @article { author = {Mehdizadeh Gazooei, Y. and Niazi, A. and Zamiri, M. J.}, title = {Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor IB and Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 Genes in Rayini Goats (Capra hircus)}, journal = {Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {45-50}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Society of Animal Science}, issn = {2322-3553}, eissn = {2322-374X}, doi = {10.22103/jlst.2013.549}, abstract = {The FecB, a mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB (BMPR-IB) gene, which increases the fecundity of Booroola Merino sheep, and FecGH, a mutation in the Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9), which affects the fecundity of Cambridge and Belclare sheep in a dose sensitive manner, were analyzed as candidate genes associated with the prolificacy in Rayini goats. These polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP method in 110 individuals randomly selected out from a flock of Rayini goats with a mean litter size of 1.29. These mutations were not detected in this flock. All individuals were wild type homozygous for FecBandFecGH. These results suggested that fecundity of this breed is not linked to the same loci in BMPR-IB or GDF9 as in some sheep breeds, and other polymorphism(s) may be involved in Rayini goat prolificacy. Therefore, searching for other polymorphisms in these genes or any polymorphisms in known fecundity genes is suggested to develop marker assistance selection techniques and to study the genetic mechanism of prolificacy in goat.}, keywords = {Fecundity gene,polymorphism,Rayini goat}, url = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_549.html}, eprint = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_549_e2487315e069d735011fb6ae1eee2d99.pdf} } @article { author = {Salehi, M. and Bitaraf, A.}, title = {Skin and leather characteristics of hair-type goats reared in a hot-humid region}, journal = {Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {51-56}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Society of Animal Science}, issn = {2322-3553}, eissn = {2322-374X}, doi = {10.22103/jlst.2013.562}, abstract = {Skin and leather characteristics of hair-type goats were studied in relation to their sex and age, using 100 randomly-selected skin from goats reared in east west Iran. Mean weights of skin and leather were 859.2±35.2 and 357.4±16.2 g, and the length and width of leather ranged from 60 to 121 and 41 to 87 cm, respectively. Age had a significant effect on the weight and area of skin and leather. Male goats had larger skins and leather weights and areas as well as thicker skins and leathers over shoulder and ribs compared to females. Age also had a significant effect on skin thickness and tensile properties from different parts of the body. Skin on the hip, back and shoulder was thicker than on the ribs and belt. Samples taken parallel and perpendicularly to the backbone from shoulder, hip and ribs parts showed significant differences in the mean value of breakage force, tensile strength and extensionat break. The leathers had a wide range of breakage force, tensile strength and percent-age extension, being 6.7 to 58 kg.f, 94 to 448 kg.f/cm2; and 33 to 93%, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences in quantitative and qualitative characteristics of skin and leather between different goats of different genders and ages.}, keywords = {skin,goat,leather,tensile properties}, url = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_562.html}, eprint = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_562_a8fb9e46430e8c979d59c98f0638a258.pdf} } @article { author = {Charati, H. and Esmailizadeh, A. K.}, title = {Carcass traits and physical characteristics of eggs in Japanese quail as affected by genotype, sex and hatch}, journal = {Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {57-62}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Society of Animal Science}, issn = {2322-3553}, eissn = {2322-374X}, doi = {10.22103/jlst.2013.554}, abstract = {The effect of genotype, sex and hatch on carcass traits and physical characteristics of eggs was investigated in the Japanese quail. Two strains of Japanese quails including the White (P1) and Wild (P2) genotypes were chosen as the parental generation and crossed reciprocally (10 single-pair mating) to create the F1 progeny. The F1 birds (27 males and 81 females) were mated randomly to produce the F2 progeny (1320 birds). The White and Wild birds were simultaneously reared with F1 and F2 birds as control groups. The statistical model included the fixed effects of the genetic group, sex and hatch. Orthogonal comparisons were used to test the observed heterosis including the F1:P1+P2; F2:P1+P2 and F1+F2:P1+P2. The effect of sex on slaughter weight and carcass percentage was significant (P < 0.01). Slaughter weight was higher in females than in males. Effects of genetic group and hatch on the egg weight were significant (P < 0.05). The genetic effects on slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass percentage were also significant (P < 0.01). The F1 progeny had the highest slaughter weight and carcass weight but the carcass percentage of F1 birds was lower than that of F2 birds. The F1 birds performed better than the average of the parental strains showing heterotic rates of +10.09 and +8.56% for slaughter and carcass weights, respectively.}, keywords = {Japanese quail,genetic group,carcass traits,egg}, url = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_554.html}, eprint = {https://lst.uk.ac.ir/article_554_bec591dabcf4d621c16f75ab1c3cfb04.pdf} }